: low-incomer
pension of the old
: 70% of income
pension of the deceased
: partner + child = 60%
: etc = 25%
pension of the disabled
: 66~100%
The oldest system of
Socialsecurity of Germany company
A similar to retirement pension(single sum)
: In-company accumulative method
Legal relationship between the employer
and the employees
the number of retired beneficiaries was comparatively small and the number of contributing workers was large. This relationship seemed likely to continue indefinitely but these original expectations proved illusory.
1) Changes in life expectancy
Changes in life expectancy affect public pension programs. For example the US socialsecurity systemthe typical worker who reached thesystem normal
in the prevention of abuses by the powerful. He argued that legislators ought to provide information to the public through education. Then the result of education will conclude to national consent. This process is necessary because the government which he argued was based on thetheory of social contract. The goal of education was to insure love of a free, democratic government. Although he ref
1. Introduction
1-1. Definition of TOD
The way emphasizing land use and the relevance of transportation and inducing the complex land use of public transportation center and walking – riendly transportation system environment. In terms of Urban planning TOD is recognized as techniques that controls extensional reckless city spread and changes traffic-patterns of cars-centric to public t
the following guiding principles:
- Safety will not be compromised
- Be customer driven, both externally and internally
- Develop the attitude that conformance to customer expectations has top priority
- Understand that improvement includes everyone in all parts of the organization
- Bring all employees into the decision making process
- Trust people and their ability to contribute to
Ⅰ. Introduction : What is Farmland reverse mortgage(FRM)?
Farmland reverse mortgage is a system that guarantees stable life for aged farmers. The government lends aged farmers money in security for their own farmland. This system helps farmer who lack money for old age by securitizing farmland fund. Furthermore, FRM aims to strengthen the farming social safety net. These are purpose of the
the lowest ratio since 1974. Developing countries’ situation is worse than developed countries. Higher basic grain price gives more burdens to livelihood, because it affects prices of other commodities. The ratio of grain price in consumption expenditure is 65 % in developing countries, while only 10~20 % in developed countries. Moreover, high grain price causes social insecurity. For example,
against their own citizens
Weak institutions
Collapsed health system
Basic food shortage, leading to starvation
Basic differences among civilizations
Smaller world
Economic modernization and social change separate people from local identities
The dual role of the west
less mutable, less easily compromised than political and economical ones
Increasing Economic regionalism
system. However, classical realists see international politics as action and interaction of the state in unit level. Neo-realists think that cause of war is due to the features in the structure of international system, yet classical realists analyze as human nature, which is rational and selfish. Moreover, neo-realists see the interest of state as security within the anarchic system. However, cl
social, political atmosphere are all interrelated, and they should be taken into consideration collectively.
The Code of Manu, the scriptures of Hinduism—in which 85% of the whole 1.3 billion populations believe—strongly states that women’s role is to obey men along with the caste system. Looking at the women’s social status with the perspective of caste system, it is equivalent